What does the AND bitwise operator do?

The AND operator compares each bit of two numbers. It returns 1 only where both corresponding bits are 1, and 0 everywhere else. It is commonly used to mask off specific bits, for example checking whether a particular flag is set in a status register.

How does XOR differ from OR?

OR returns 1 if either or both bits are 1. XOR (exclusive OR) returns 1 only when the two bits differ: one is 1 and the other is 0. XOR is widely used in checksums, encryption, toggling flags and detecting differences between two values.

What does NOT do to a number in JavaScript?

The bitwise NOT operator flips every bit of the 32-bit signed integer representation of the number. In JavaScript, ~N equals -(N+1) because of how two's complement works. For example, ~60 equals -61. Only one input is needed for NOT, so this calculator applies it to the first value A.

Bitwise Calculator

Bitwise operations work directly on the binary representation of integers, testing or modifying individual bits rather than treating a number as a whole. They appear throughout low-level programming: setting and clearing flags in microcontroller registers, packing multiple boolean values into a single byte, writing encryption and hashing routines, implementing fast modulo operations for powers of two, and checking parity in communications protocols. The four fundamental operations are AND, OR, XOR and NOT. AND produces a 1 only where both inputs have a 1 in that bit position; it is the standard way to isolate or test a bit. OR produces a 1 wherever either input has a 1; it sets bits. XOR produces a 1 only where the two inputs differ; it is used to toggle bits or detect differences. NOT flips every bit of its single operand, turning 0s into 1s and vice versa, which in two's complement arithmetic gives the negative minus one of the input. This calculator takes two decimal integers, A and B, and returns the result of all four operations at once, showing both the decimal value and the binary bit pattern so you can see exactly which bits changed. The NOT result shown applies to A only. Enter any two integers, positive or negative, and the results update immediately.

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Value A (decimal)

Value B (decimal)

A AND B (decimal)

A AND B binary00001100

A OR B61

A OR B binary00111101

A XOR B49

A XOR B binary00110001

NOT A-61

A binary00111100

B binary00001101

How it works

Each input is parsed as a signed decimal integer. JavaScript performs bitwise operations on 32-bit signed integers internally, so very large numbers are truncated to 32 bits. AND (&) is applied bit by bit: only positions where both A and B have a 1 produce a 1 in the result. OR (|) sets any bit that is 1 in either operand. XOR (^) sets bits that differ between the two operands. NOT (~) inverts all bits of A, which in two's complement gives -(A+1). Binary representations are padded to at least 8 bits for readability. Negative results display in standard signed notation.

Worked example

A = 60 in binary is 00111100. B = 13 in binary is 00001101. AND: only positions 3 and 2 (from the right, 0-indexed) are 1 in both, giving 00001100 = 12. OR: any bit that is 1 in either gives 00111101 = 61. XOR: bits that differ give 00110001 = 49. NOT A: flipping all bits of 60 gives -61. These match the defaults already in the calculator above.

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