Percentage Difference Calculator

This calculator finds the percentage difference between two values, the measure to use when neither number is a clear starting point and you just want to know how far apart they are relative to each other. Unlike percentage change, which compares a new figure back to an old one by dividing by that old value, percentage difference divides the gap between the two numbers by their average, so it does not matter which one you enter first or which is bigger. You enter a first value and a second value, such as two quotes from different tradespeople, two test results, or two prices for the same item, and the calculator returns the percentage difference between them, along with the actual difference and the average used to work it out. This makes it useful for comparing quotes side by side, checking how much two measurements diverge, or seeing how close two prices really are before deciding between them. Because it is symmetric, swapping the two values gives the same percentage every time, which is exactly what you want when comparing two independent figures rather than tracking a change over time. If you are instead measuring how much something has risen or fallen from an original figure, such as an old price to a new price, use a percentage change calculator instead, since that uses the earlier value as the fixed base.

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40%
Difference of 20, average of 50

The percentage difference formula

Percentage difference equals the absolute difference between the two values, divided by their average, multiplied by 100. In symbols, it is the size of (A minus B), divided by ((A plus B) divided by 2), times 100. Because it divides by the average, swapping A and B gives the same answer.

Worked example

Two builders quote $40,000 and $60,000 for the same job. The difference is $20,000 and the average is $50,000. So $20,000 divided by $50,000 is 0.4, which is a 40% difference between the two quotes.

Note this is not the same as saying one is 50% more than the other. That figure (percentage change from $40,000 to $60,000) uses the lower quote as the base.

Difference, change, or increase?

  • Percentage difference: two values, no starting point, divide by the average. Symmetric.
  • Percentage change or increase: an old value and a new value, divide by the old value. Direction matters.

Frequently asked questions

Why divide by the average?

Because neither value is the reference. Using the average treats both values equally, so the result is the same whichever way round you enter them.

When should I use percentage change instead?

When one value clearly comes first, such as an old price and a new price, or a starting weight and an ending weight.

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